Ulcerative colitis is an idiopathic inflammatory condition of the large intestine (colon), which results in diffuse friability and superficial erosions on the colonic wall associated with bleeding. It is the most prevalent form of inflammatory bowel disease worldwide. It characteristically involves inflammation confined to the mucosa and submucosa of the colon. Typically, the disease starts…
Fibromyalgia is a condition characterized by chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain. Fatigue, cognitive disturbances, insomnia, psychiatric, and multiple physical symptoms often accompany the disorder. Fibromyalgia has unclear etiology and uncertain pathophysiology [1, 2]. There is no indication of tissue inflammation, despite symptoms of soft tissue pain (muscles, tendons, ligaments, fascia, nerves, fibrous tissues, fat, blood vessels, and…
Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy that occurs in genetically predisposed individuals after exposure of the intestinal mucosa to gluten in combination with the influence of environmental factors. It is an immune-mediated disorder caused by genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. It has a prevalence of ∼1% in most countries worldwide. Like many autoimmune diseases, celiac…
Obesity is linked with structural and functional changes in the gut microbiome. The abundance and diversity of specific bacteria seem to favor energy harvest and metabolic pathways leading to obesity. Therefore, the field of gut microbiota has risen as an area of great importance that can be manipulated to obtain optimal health. Probiotics-induced changes in…
Fermented milk products have long been associated with the ability to provide health benefits to those who consume them on a regular basis, and have been analyzed both clinically and in the laboratory for at least a century, primarily by Ellie Metchnikoff’s original research [15]. Russian scientist and immunologist Ellie Metchnikoff, who worked at the…
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s disease is a complex autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the cells of the thyroid gland. It affects up to 10 percent of the US population with its prevalence increasing with age. Hashimoto’s which is the name of the Japanese physician Hakaru Hashimoto who discovered it eventually results…
The human body can survive without food for many months, but without water only for a few days. As you may guess, water is the most precious component of our diet, and is only antagonized by the even more essential oxygen. The average adult’s bodyweight consists of 55-75% water. In particular, water comprises 70-75% of…
It is a well-known fact that chronic stress is linked to most, if not all, chronic diseases. Actually, over 80% of autoimmune conditions are said to manifest after a stressful or dramatic event, such as the loss of a loved one, a divorce, a severe injury, economic bankruptcy, etc [12]. Stress – no matter its…
The digestive system or alimentary canal is a long muscular tube in which food passes through our body that starts with the mouth and ends at the anus. Along the way, a set of organs, glands, and their complex physiological functions are able to process and transform large, insoluble food molecules into small, water-soluble molecules…
The first adverse, allergic reactions to cow’s milk originate over 2000 years ago. It was before 370 B.C. when Hippocrates, the father of Western medicine first talked about skin and gastrointestinal symptoms appearing after the consumption of bovine milk. Another Greek medical researcher and one of the most influential and brilliant physicians in human history,…
If someone told you that you own a unique metabolism that is designed to thrive on particular foods and macronutrient ratios, how would you react? Would you be shocked? Have you ever wondered why no one diet works for everyone? How do some people get healthy and lose weight on a low-carb, while others on…
Magnesium is an essential mineral and one of the main electrolytes in the human body along with calcium, potassium, sodium, and chloride. Some 60% of the body’s magnesium resides in the bones. The other 40%, in conjunction with the basic energy molecule ATP (adenosine triphosphate), is essential for all body manufacturing processes, the burning of…
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